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代码自省
代码自省是检查类、函数和关键字，以了解它们是什么、它们的功能及其信息的能力。
Python 提供了若干用于代码自省的函数和工具。
help()
dir()
hasattr()
id()
type()
repr()
callable()
issubclass()
isinstance()
__doc__
__name__
通常最重要的是 help 函数，因为可以用它来了解其他函数的功能。
练习
打印给定 Vehicle 对象的所有属性列表。
# Use the help function to see what each function does.
# Delete this when you are done.
help(dir)
help(hasattr)
help(id)
# Define the Vehicle class.
class Vehicle:
name = ""
kind = "car"
color = ""
value = 100.00
def description(self):
desc_str = "%s is a %s %s worth $%.2f." % (self.name, self.color, self.kind, self.value)
return desc_str
# Print a list of all attributes of the Vehicle class.
# Your code goes here
# Define the Vehicle class
class Vehicle:
name = ""
kind = "car"
color = ""
value = 100.00
def description(self):
desc_str = "%s is a %s %s worth $%.2f." % (self.name, self.color, self.kind, self.value)
return desc_str
# Print a list of all attributes of the Vehicle class.
print(dir(Vehicle))
test_output_contains("['__doc__', '__module__', 'color', 'description', 'kind', 'name', 'value']")
test_student_typed("print")
success_msg("Very nice!")
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